The Sefer Yetzirah, among other texts, reveals a constellation of unique energies, themes and spiritual practices for each month of the year. We will build on these teachings in order to discover some of the deeper meanings of the month of Nisan, and its special days, in particular the holiday of Passover. This will allow us to unleash the redemptive powers of these most auspicious times.
Letter-Combination of the Month
There are four letters in the name of Hashem (Yud, Hei, Vav, and Hei). Each month of the year has an inner light that is refracted as a different sequence of these four letters. The Month of Nisan shines as the original sequence, Yud-Hei-Vav-Hei.
The letters Yud and Vav are called mashpi’im, or ‘givers’, and the letter Hei is called a m’kabeil, or ‘receiver’. This month’s sequence thus represents the proper flow of energy: if it were written vertically, the Yud would be on top giving to the Hei below it, and the Vav would be giving to the Hei at the bottom.
This sequence of letters is found in the beginnings of four words in Tehillim, 90:11–Yismehu Hashamayim V’tageil Ha’aretz, “the Heavens will be happy and the earth will rejoice.” The nouns in this verse also allude to a flow from a giver above to a receiver below, shamayim (Heavens), giving to aretz (earth).
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The verbs in this verse also describe an energetic flow. First comes yismehu (from the word simcha, ‘happiness’ ) and then comes v’tageil (from the word gila, ‘rejoicing’). Simcha has the same letters as mah’shava, ‘thought’, suggesting that yismechu refers to an inner joy, hidden within the mind. Gila is related to the word gilu, ‘to reveal’, suggesting that v’tageil refers to a form of joy that is expressed outwardly, in the world.
Our letter-sequence therefore suggests a flow from giver to receiver, from above to below, from Heaven to earth, from inside to outside, and from hidden to revealed. Nisan is called the Month of Miracles. On Passover, Hashem displays transcendental miracles and descends, so to speak, to take us out of our lowliness and slavery. This is called an ‘awakening from above’, for it is an unearned gift of kindness flowing down to us from Heaven. During the Seder, the joy of freedom that has been suppressed and hidden deep within us is released. As we sing Hallel, we reveal our joy and gratitude openly. In Nisan, we meditate on Hashem as the giver, and ourselves as the receivers.
Letter of the Month
The letter corresponding to Nisan is Hei. It is a ‘silent letter’, thus connected with the idea of ‘rest’. The lower Hei in Hashem’s name symbolizes the type of rest that manifests with each Shemitah year. During a Shemitah year, the earth is given rest from planting and sowing. The upper Hei symbolizes the type of rest that manifests in Yovel, the Jubilee year. This is a higher level of rest, in which slaves are set free.
Hei is thus the ‘letter of freedom’, restful freedom from the slavery of egocentric consciousness. This freedom comes unearned and undeserved, like the miraculous gift of Spring following the long barren winter.
Hei is also the letter from which Creation emerged, as the Talmud says, B’Hei nivrah olam hazeh–With the letter Hei this world was created.’ Hashem speaks the world into being: “Let there be light,” etc. Each of the letters of speech is an articulation of the simple outward flow of breath, which is the “hhh” sound of the letter Hei. Therefore, the letter Hei is at the root of Hashem’s Creative process. The power of Hei also allows us human beings to create. For example, when Abraham and Sarah added the letter Hei to their names, AbraHam and SaraH, they miraculously gave birth to their children after long being barren.
On Passover, when we ‘rest’ from eating hametz, leavened foods representing egocentrism, we can open to receive the mystical Hei, the ‘letter of miracles’ into our name, into our being. Hei is humility, being open to receive. The word hametz and matzah contain three letters, two similar letters and one unique, hametz has a Het and matzah a Hei, Hei and Het are similar letters just in the Hei the left leg is suspended in mid air, representing humility, whereas in the letter Het the left leg rises up, representing egocentrism. When we rest from ego, we open ourselves to the letter Hei and thus become the conduits to receive miracles in our life.
Name of the Month
Prior to the Babylonian exile, Nisan was called Hodesh haAviv, ‘the Month of Spring’. Aviv begins with the letters Aleph and Bet–the first and second letters of the alphabet–and then Yud, symbolizing Hashem. This spelling seems to say, ‘from above to below is the flow from Hashem.’
Rabbeinu Bachya breaks the word aviv down and interprets it to mean av, ‘the father of’, iv or Yud-Bet, which is the number 12, signifying the twelve months of the year. In other words, Nisan is the first, the father of the twelve months of the year.
While Nisan is the beginning of ‘the year of months’, Tishrei is the beginning of ‘the year of days’. Tishrei is spelled Tav-Shin-Reish, which is the last three letters of the alphabet in reverse order, and then Yud, again symbolizing Hashem. This tells us that Tishrei is about a movement from below to above, the opposite of Nisan. Tishrei has the first day of what we normally consider the Jewish year: Rosh Hashanah, the headquarters of shanah, linear ‘time’. Shanah is related to the word yashan, which means ‘old’, or routine. On the other hand, the first chodesh, or ‘month’, is the headquarters of hadesh, newness. The moon is renewed every monthly cycle, breaking the monotony of linear time with a sense of the miraculous newness of life.
After the Babylonian exile, this month has been called Nisan. There is an argument over the source of the current names of the months. Are they originally from the Torah, are they Hebrew names that were lost over history and then rediscovered, or are they names that we borrowed from our hosts in Babylon? If the name Nisan has a Hebrew source, the source is the root word nes, meaning ‘miracle’. It is by definition the month of miracles. If, however, Nisan has a source in another cultures, then it comes from the Akkadian word nissanu, meaning ‘to move’ or ‘to start’. In Nisan, Hashem inspires us with miracles, and moves us to start anew.
Sense of the Month
The ‘sense’ or faculty corresponding to Nisan is speech. Just as Hashem created the world with speech, so do we create our world, or at least our experience of the world, with speech. A slave is someone who has no voice, nor the power to create his or her reality. We can only experience freedom when we can refer to ourselves as free. The word haggadah means ‘telling’. During the Seder we speak at length about our Redemption from collective and personal ‘slavery’. Thus, each year we receive the ability to proclaim our freedom on higher and higher levels.
Astrological Sign of the Month
The sign of Nisan is taleh, the ‘lamb’, or Aries. In Nisan Hashem took us, like a flock of lambs, out of the nation of our oppressors. We were meek, not yet desiring our freedom. Hashem leapt over the whole issue of our egos, and offered us Redemption. We were commanded to commemorate this Redemption with the Passover offering, which was a lamb. Even if we have been meek or ambivalent about our freedom, on Pesach we can offer ourselves up to the experience of Redemption.
Tribe of the Month
Nisan is the tribe of Judah. The meaning of the name Judah is ‘to give thanks’, alluding to speech. The archetype of kingship, King David, is a descendant of Judah. Kingship also alludes to speech, for a king rules over his people through his words, which are received as commands: “…for the word of the king is his rule.”[6] The Talmud says that Nisan initiates the “New Year of Kings”. It is thus a new beginning for the power of leadership, for speech, and also for expressing thanks. Because of the Redemption in this month, “…it is our duty to thank, laud praise, glorify, exalt, adore, bless, elevate, and honor the One who did all these miracles for our ancestors and for us.”
Body Part of the Month
The body part of Nisan is the right foot, representing chesed, ‘loving-kindness’. Passover is connected with hesed. One meaning of the word pesach is ‘loving’.
Another meaning of the word pesach is ‘to skip’, since Hashem skipped over the homes of the Jews during the Plague of the First Born. A person skips by using one foot at a time. This alludes to the miraculous, since normal walking uses both feet.
Time of the Year
Nisan is the first month of Spring. When it arrives, something about the increasing light, the warmer air, and the sprouting vegetation, may enhance our feeling that life is a gift and a blessing. Deeper within this instinctual feeling is the recognition that life is given to us whether we ‘deserve’ it or not. This is a deep level of humility, and it brings forth a tremendous sense of gratitude. During the eight days of Pesach, as we eat matzah, the bread of humility, we should strive to internalize this idea. Life is a miraculous gift descending from above. It cannot be earned, only humbly received. According to one opinion, Nisan is when human life was created.
The Torah calls Pesach Shabbat, ‘Sabbath’. The nature of the weekly Shabbas is that comes on it’s own, entirely without our involvement. The other holidays are created with some measure of human collaboration. Passover is a gift of awakening from above.
This Passover season, may we experience the newness and freshness of life. May this year be a year of creativity and generosity and new beginnings. May we become leaders, humble and kind leaders, who ‘skip over’ the apparent ego in others. May Hashem bless us to witness the beginning of the miracle of all miracles, the Redemption of all humanity from all levels of slavery.
Reprinted with permission from Iyyun, an institute for the exploration of the deeper dimensions of Torah.
hametz
Pronounced: khah-METZ or KHUH-metz, Origin: Hebrew, bread or any food that has been leavened or contains a leavening agent. Hametz is prohibited on Passover.
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Nisan
Pronounced: nee-SAHN, Origin: Hebrew, Jewish month, usually coinciding with March-April.
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Pesach
Pronounced: PAY-sakh, also PEH-sakh. Origin: Hebrew, the holiday of Passover.
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Talmud
Pronounced: TALL-mud, Origin: Hebrew, the set of teachings and commentaries on the Torah that form the basis for Jewish law. Comprised of the Mishnah and the Gemara, it contains the opinions of thousands of rabbis from different periods in Jewish history.
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Tishrei
Pronounced: TISH-ray, Origin: Hebrew, Jewish month, usually coinciding with September-October.
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Torah
Pronunced: TORE-uh, Origin: Hebrew, the Five Books of Moses.
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