Evergreen

According to some Hasidic thinkers, human free will is an illusion; God causes all human actions.

Jewish thinkers have both embraced and directly reacted to foreign ideas and philosophies.

It is difficult to speak of a single or official Jewish worldview, theology, or philosophy. Instead, we must speak of Jewish theologies and philosophies: the various and varied religious worldviews articulated during Judaism's long history.

While the early Reform movement presented selected universal, liberal moral teachings as the core of Judaism, the contemporary Reform movement is rediscovering many particularistic Jewish practices.

Orthodoxy maintains a strict legal approach to conversion, while Conservative Judaism has responded pragmatically rather than ideologically.

Jewish tradition assumes that our actions are significant.

The philosophers of the Middle Ages believed they were unearthing existing wisdom, not creating new ideas.

Jewish thought is not a single continuous tradition, but rather a varied mix of works, which reflect the specific ideological and historical positions of those who wrote them.

Medieval commentators suggested justifications for God's hardening Pharaoh's heart.

The idea that God controls the world, determining the trajectory and details of its history, is strong in Judaism and is one of the theological issues that contributes to the Jewish problem of free will.