Jewish History

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Jewish Commerce in Christendom

European Christians regulated Jewish commerce.

Jewish Commerce in Muslim Lands

The learned merchant was the standard bearer of medieval Islamic civilization--and this was good for the Jews.

Jewish Hats in the Middle Ages

Manuscript illustrations, family seals, and rabbinic decisions all indicate that Jewish men in most of medieval Christian Europe wore special hats.

Reform Judaism Today

Balancing tradition and innovation in the 21st century

Jewish Education in Christian Countries

Jewish boys in Christian countries studied Jewish texts from an early age.

What Jewish Women’s Lives Were Like in the Muslim World

Part II: More Marriage, Divorce, Work and Education

The Gay Orthodox Underground

Recently, organized efforts have been made to confront the conflicts between homosexuality and traditional Jewish life.

The Nuremberg Laws

Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor

The May Laws

Primary historical text: Russia, 1881

VEDEM, Terezin 1942-1944

The secret magazine of the boys of Terezin.

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